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In order to avoid high anti-dumping duties on Chinese solar modules, importers submitted to the customs authorities undertaking invoices that were incorrect in terms of content. This served to conceal the undercutting of the minimum purchase price, compliance with which, however, was a prerequisite for exemption from the anti-dumping duty. By referring to the inflated undertaking invoices in the customs declaration, the declarants had, in the opinion of the Federal Court of Justice, provided incorrect information on fiscally significant facts within the meaning of Section 370 of the German Fiscal Code (AO). The anti-dumping duties were incurred in full upon importation. This constituted the tax evasion required for tax evasion. In the literature, weighty arguments are put forward against this view.